One-stop shopping for retirement
Want to take the emotional stress out of managing your fund portfolio and earn higher returns to boot?
Then take a close look at a "one size fits all" type of fund designed to simplify the process of building a retirement nest egg. That's the enticing message from purveyors of target-date mutual funds, a type of fund that is carving out a growing niche for itself in corporate and (to a lesser extent) individual retirement plans. Spurring recent growth is a 2006 pension law that lists target-date funds among the approved types that employers may promote as default investment options. Companies can automatically enroll new workers in a 401(k) plan and, if there's no objection, deposit a slice of workers' paychecks in a target-date fund.
Geared to investors at all stages of their lives, target-date funds share a common goal: helping to ensure a comfortable retirement. Their basic premise is that investors can build wealth faster over a decade or two if they follow a formal asset-allocation plan overseen by professionals and not swayed by short-term market fluctuations.
Target-date funds, says Charles Kadlec, managing director of J.&W. Seligman, "protect investors against reacting emotionally to the inevitable ups and downs of the market." Many studies show that few stock-fund investors achieve the kind of returns that funds they own actually produce over a longer term period. "People tend to get aboard hot funds when it's too late or dump laggard performers as they begin to turn around," he says. "Target-date funds keep you on a steadier course."
By cutting across many asset classes, these funds cater to investors who don't have the inclination or knowledge to develop a diversified retirement portfolio on their own. They relieve investors from having to rebalance the asset mix or decide what type of fund to buy. These offerings "have strong appeal for less-sophisticated folks," says Jeff Tjornehoj, senior analyst with Lipper, because of their one-stop diversification, modest cost, and disciplined risk-management strategies .
Target-date funds base their asset allocations around a specific date, typically an investor's expected retirement year. Fund families such as T. Rowe Price, Vanguard, and Seligman offer five or more target-date portfolios, ranging from 2010 to 2055. Fund managers gradually lower a portfolio's risk profile as the end date approaches. "Our focus is always on maintaining the appropriate asset mix between equity styles and bond maturities, given the investor's time horizon," says Mr. Kadlec. The target fund for an investor who is 25 years away from retirement may well have an 80 percent concentration in stocks. For those already in retirement, generally no more than a 40 to 50 percent stake in equities is considered advisable.
The typical target-date fund holds four groups of asset types: large-cap, small-cap, international, and bonds. These are generally managed within a "fund of funds" structure, using different fund offerings within the same family. Lately, however, a growing number of fund companies have begun to offer more alternative choices in their retirement funds including hedged products, commodities, real estate, and exchange traded funds (ETFs).
Seligman's core target mutual fund invests in eight ETFs that track specific securities indexes including large-cap stocks, mid-cap stocks, and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Designed for investors on the verge of retiring, some 35 percent of the core fund is devoted to fixed-income holdings.
Some caveats: The funds are best viewed as core holdings, not as parts of a stock portfolio that is already well diversified. Investors should compare offerings from several fund families over a three-year time frame. Funds with similar target dates can vary significantly in asset-allocation formulas. Some might be too conservative to reach an investor's long-term investment goals. Keep an eye on expense ratios, which tend to be higher than the average stock fund.
