Harvard and Bill Gates targeted: What's behind the fossil fuel divestment push?

In the 1980s, it was apartheid.  Now, divestment is being used to target fossil fuels

In April, a group of Harvard University students called on the school to divest its $36 billion endowment of fossil fuel companies. They are part of a growing movement that is putting pressure on coal, oil, and natural gas companies.

The Guardian launched a "Keep it in the Ground" campaign in mid-March to get The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Welcome Fund (a medical charity) to divest its $43.5 billion endowment from fossil fuel assets.

(Daniella Beccaria/seattlepi.com via AP, File)
A small boat crosses in front of an oil drilling rig as it arrives in Port Angeles, Wash., aboard a transport ship after traveling across the Pacific. Royal Dutch Shell hopes to use the rig for exploratory drilling during the summer open-water season in the Chukchi Sea off Alaska's northwest coast, if it can get the permits.

1. What is divestment?

(Daniella Beccaria/seattlepi.com via AP, File)
A small boat crosses in front of an oil drilling rig as it arrives in Port Angeles, Wash., aboard a transport ship after traveling across the Pacific. Royal Dutch Shell hopes to use the rig for exploratory drilling during the summer open-water season in the Chukchi Sea off Alaska's northwest coast, if it can get the permits.

Simply put, it’s the opposite of investment. A stakeholder sells or otherwise withdraws its financial support for a specific company or sector. The goal can be a financial one, but more commonly it’s used to advance a social cause such as protesting land mines, tobacco, or sweatshop labor, to name a few. Perhaps the most famous case came in the 1980s when investment institutions across the United States sold their stocks in companies working in South Africa to protest apartheid, the country’s system of racial segregation. 

Divestment has reemerged in recent years as a means for organizing people and institutions around the issue of climate change. Spearheaded by activist group 350.org, some environmentalists are calling for widespread divestment from companies involved in the extraction of coal, oil, and natural gas.

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